Messier object

Template:Use dmy dates Template:Short description Template:Infobox astronomical survey

The Messier objects are a set of 110 astronomical objects catalogued by the French astronomer Charles Messier in his Template:Ill (Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters). Because Messier was interested only in finding comets, he created a list of those non-comet objects that frustrated his hunt for them. This list, which Messier created in collaboration with his assistant Pierre Méchain, is now known as the Messier catalogue. The Messier catalogue is one of the most famous lists of astronomical objects, and many objects on the list are still referenced by their Messier numbers.<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref> The catalogue includes most of the astronomical deep-sky objects that can be easily observed from Earth's Northern Hemisphere; many Messier objects are popular targets for amateur astronomers.<ref name="Hubble"> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref>

A preliminary version of the catalogue first appeared in 1774 in the Memoirs of the French Academy of Sciences for the year 1771.<ref> Template:Cite journal </ref><ref name=SEDS-Messier-1771> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref><ref name=Britannica> Template:Cite encyclopedia </ref> The first version of Messier's catalogue contained 45 objects, which were not numbered. Eighteen of the objects were discovered by Messier; the rest had been previously observed by other astronomers.<ref> Template:Cite magazine </ref> By 1780 the catalogue had increased to 70 objects.<ref> Template:Cite journal </ref> The final version of the catalogue containing 103 objects was published in 1781 in the Connaissance des Temps for the year 1784.<ref name="Messier-1781-Connaissance-1784"> Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=SEDS-Messier-1771/> However, due to what was thought for a long time to be the incorrect addition of Messier 102, the total number remained 102. Other astronomers, using side notes in Messier's texts, eventually expanded the list to 110 objects.<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref>

The catalogue consists of a diverse range of astronomical objects, from star clusters and nebulae to galaxies. For example, Messier 1 is a supernova remnant, known as the Crab Nebula, and the great spiral Andromeda Galaxy is M31. Further inclusions followed.<ref> Template:Cite book </ref>

Lists and editionsEdit

File:Charles Messier.jpg

Charles Messier

The first edition of 1774 covered 45 objects (M1 to M45). The total list published by Messier in 1781 contained 103 objects, but the list was expanded through successive additions by other astronomers, motivated by notes in Messier's and Méchain's texts indicating that at least one of them knew of the additional objects. The first such addition came from Nicolas Camille Flammarion in 1921, who added Messier 104 after finding a note Messier made in a copy of the 1781 edition of the catalogue. M105 to M107 were added by Helen Sawyer Hogg in 1947, M108 and M109 by Owen Gingerich in 1960, and M110 by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967.<ref> Template:Cite book </ref> M102 was observed by Méchain, who communicated his notes to Messier. Méchain later concluded that this object was simply a re-observation of M101, though some sources suggest that the object Méchain observed was the galaxy NGC 5866 and identify that as M102.<ref> Template:Cite press release </ref>

Messier's final catalogue was included in the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} [Knowledge of the Times for the Year 1784], the French official yearly publication of astronomical ephemerides.<ref name=Messier-1781-Connaissance-1784/><ref name=SEDS-Messier-1771/>

Messier lived and conducted his astronomical work at the Hôtel de Cluny (now the Musée national du Moyen Âge), in Paris, France. The list he compiled contains only objects found in the sky area he could observe from the north celestial pole to a celestial latitude of about −35.7°. He did not observe or list objects visible only from farther south, such as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.<ref> Template:Cite book </ref>

ObservationsEdit

The Messier catalogue comprises nearly all of the most spectacular examples of the five types of deep-sky object – diffuse nebulae, planetary nebulae, open clusters, globular clusters, and galaxies – visible from European latitudes. Furthermore, almost all of the Messier objects are among the closest to Earth in their respective classes, which makes them heavily studied with professional class instruments that today can resolve small and visually significant details in them. A summary of the astrophysics of each Messier object can be found in the Concise Catalog of Deep-sky Objects.<ref> Template:Cite book</ref>

Since these objects could be observed visually with the relatively small-aperture refracting telescope (approximately 100 mm ≈ 4 inches) used by Messier to study the sky from downtown Paris, they are among the brightest and thus most attractive astronomical objects (popularly called deep-sky objects) observable from Earth, and are popular targets for visual study and astrophotography available to modern amateur astronomers using larger aperture equipment. In early spring, astronomers sometimes gather for "Messier marathons", when all of the objects can be viewed over a single night.<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref><ref> Template:Cite book </ref>

Messier objectsEdit

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Messier number	NGC/IC number	Common name	Image	Object type	Distance (kly)	Constellation	Apparent magnitude	Apparent dimensions	Right ascension	Declination
Template:Hs M1<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 1952	Crab Nebula	File:Crab Nebula.jpg	Supernova remnant	Template:Ntsh4.9–8.1	Taurus	8.4	420″ × 290″	05^h 34^m 31.94^s	+22° 00′ 52.2″
Template:Hs M2<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 7089	Template:Sort	File:Messier2 - HST - Potw1913a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Aquarius	6.5	16'	21^h 33^m 27.02^s	−00° 49′ 23.7″
Template:Hs M3<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 5272	Template:Sort	File:Messier3 - HST - Potw1914a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Canes Venatici	6.2	18'	13^h 42^m 11.62^s	+28° 22′ 38.2″
Template:Hs M4<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6121	Spider Globular Cluster	File:Globular star cluster Messier 4.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Scorpius	5.6	26'	16^h 23^m 35.22^s	−26° 31′ 32.7″
Template:Hs M5<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 5904	Rose Cluster	File:Messier 5 - HST.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Serpens	5.6	23'	15^h 18^m 33.22^s	+02° 04′ 51.7″
Template:Hs M6<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6405	Butterfly Cluster	File:M6a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Scorpius	4.2	25'	17^h 40.1^m	−32° 13′
Template:Hs M7<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6475	Ptolemy's Cluster	File:The star cluster Messier 7.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh0.65–1.31	Scorpius	3.3	80'	17^h 53^m 51.2^s	−34° 47′ 34″
Template:Hs M8<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	NGC 6523	Lagoon Nebula	File:LagoonHunterWilson.jpg	Nebula with cluster	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	4.6	90′ × 40′	18^h 03^m 37^s	−24° 23′ 12″
Template:Hs M9<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6333	Template:Sort	File:Globular cluster Messier 9 (captured by the Hubble Space Telescope).tif	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Ophiuchus	7.7	9.3'	17^h 19^m 11.78^s	−18° 30′ 58.5″
Template:Hs M10<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6254	Template:Sort	File:Messier 10 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Ophiuchus	6.6	20'	16^h 57^m 8.92^s	−04° 05′ 58.07″
Template:Hs M11<ref>Template:Citation</ref>	NGC 6705	Wild Duck Cluster	File:Eso1430a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Scutum	5.8	22.8'	18^h 51.1^m	−06° 16′
Template:Hs M12<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6218	Template:Sort	File:M12 Hubble.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Ophiuchus	6.7	16'	16^h 47^m 14.18^s	−01° 56′ 54.7″
Template:Hs M13<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6205	Great Hercules Cluster	File:Messier 13 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Hercules	5.8	20'	16^h 41^m 41.24^s	+36° 27′ 35.5″
Template:Hs M14<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6402	Template:Sort	File:Messier object 014.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Ophiuchus	7.6	11'	17^h 37^m 36.15^s	−03° 14′ 45.3″
Template:Hs M15<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 7078	Great Pegasus Cluster	File:Messier 15 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Pegasus	6.2	18'	21^h 29^m 58.33^s	+12° 10′ 01.2″
Template:Hs M16<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6611	Eagle Nebula	File:Eagle Nebula from ESO.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Serpens	6.4	70' x 50'	18^h 18^m 48^s	−13° 49′
Template:Hs M17<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6618	Omega, Swan, Horseshoe, Lobster, or Checkmark Nebula	File:The star formation region Messier 17.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh5–6	Sagittarius	6.0	11'	18^h 20^m 26^s	−16° 10′ 36″
Template:Hs M18<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6613	Black Swan Cluster	File:Messier18.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	7.5	9.8'	18^h 19.9^m	−17° 08′
Template:Hs M19<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6273	Template:Sort	File:Messier 19 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Ophiuchus	6.8	17'	17^h 02^m 37.69^s	−26° 16′ 04.6″
Template:Hs M20<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6514	Trifid Nebula	File:Trifid.nebula.arp.750pix.jpg	Template:Sort with cluster	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	6.3	28'	18^h 02^m 23^s	−23° 01′ 48″
Template:Hs M21<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6531	Webb's Cross Cluster	File:Messier object 021.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	6.5	14'	18^h 04.6^m	−22° 30′
Template:Hs M22<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6656	Great Sagittarius Cluster	File:Messier 22 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh9.6–11.6	Sagittarius	5.1	32'	18^h 36^m 23.94^s	−23° 54′ 17.1″
Template:Hs M23<ref>Template:Citation</ref>	NGC 6494	Template:Sort	File:Messier object 023.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	5.5	35'	17^h 56.8^m	−19° 01′
Template:Hs M24<ref name=French>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	IC 4715	Small Sagittarius Star Cloud	File:Messier 24 Colombari crop invert.jpg	Milky Way star cloud	Template:Ntsh~10	Sagittarius	2.5	2°x1°	18^h 17^m	−18° 33′
Template:Hs M25<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	IC 4725	Template:Sort	File:Messier object 025.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	4.6	36'	18^h 31.6^m	−19° 15′
Template:Hs M26<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6694	Template:Sort	File:Messier 26.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Scutum	8.0	14'	18^h 45.2^m	−09° 24′
Template:Hs M27<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6853	Dumbbell Nebula	File:M27 - Dumbbell Nebula.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh1.148–1.52	Vulpecula	7.4	8.0' × 5.6'	19^h 59^m 36.340^s	+22° 43′ 16.09″
Template:Hs M28<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6626	Template:Sort	File:Nebulous, but no nebula Messier 28.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	6.8	11.2'	18^h 24^m 32.89^s	−24° 52′ 11.4″
Template:Hs M29<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6913	Cooling Tower Cluster	File:Messier 29.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Cygnus	7.1	7'	20^h 23^m 56^s	+38° 31′ 24″
Template:Hs M30<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 7099	Jellyfish Cluster	File:Messier 30 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh27.8–31	Capricornus	7.2	12'	21^h 40^m 22.12^s	−23° 10′ 47.5″
Template:Hs M31<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 224	Andromeda Galaxy	File:Andromeda Galaxy (with h-alpha).jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh2,430–2,650	Andromeda	3.4	3.167° × 1°	00^h 42^m 44.3^s	+41° 16′ 09″
Template:Hs M32<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 221	Andromeda Satellite #1	File:M32 Lanoue.png	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh2,410–2,570	Andromeda	8.1	8.7' × 6.5'	00^h 42^m 41.8^s	+40° 51′ 55″
Template:Hs M33<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 598	Triangulum/Pinwheel Galaxy	File:VST snaps a very detailed view of the Triangulum Galaxy.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh2,380–3,070	Triangulum	5.7	70.8' x 41.7'	01^h 33^m 50.02^s	+30° 39′ 36.7″
Template:Hs M34<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 1039	Spiral Cluster	File:M34 2mass atlas.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Perseus	5.5	35'	02^h 42.1^m	+42° 46′
Template:Hs M35<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 2168	Shoe-Buckle Cluster	File:M35atlas.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Gemini	5.3	28'	06^h 09.1^m	+24° 21′
Template:Hs M36<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 1960	Pinwheel Cluster	File:M36a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Auriga	6.3	12'	05^h 36^m 12^s	+34° 08′ 04″
Template:Hs M37<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 2099	Salt and Pepper Cluster	File:M37a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Auriga	6.2	24'	05^h 52^m 18^s	+32° 33′ 02″
Template:Hs M38<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 1912	Starfish Cluster	File:M38 Open Cluster.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Auriga	7.4	21'	05^h 28^m 42^s	+35° 51′ 18″
Template:Hs M39<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 7092	Pyramid Cluster	File:M39atlas.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Cygnus	4.6	29'	21^h 31^m 42^s	+48° 26′ 00″
Template:Hs M40<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Sort	Winnecke 4	File:Messier object 40.jpg	Optical Double	Template:Nts	Ursa Major	8.4	51.7″	12^h 22^m 12.5^s	+58° 04′ 59″
Template:Hs M41<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 2287	Little Beehive Cluster	File:Messier 041 2MASS.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Canis Major	4.5	38'	06^h 46.0^m	−20° 46′
Template:Hs M42<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 1976	Great Orion Nebula	File:Orion Nebula - Hubble 2006 mosaic 18000.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh1.324–1.364	Orion	4.0	65' x 60'	05^h 35^m 17.3^s	−05° 23′ 28″
Template:Hs M43<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 1982	De Mairan's Nebula	File:M43 HST.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Orion	9.0	20' x 15'	05^h 35.6^m	−05° 16′
Template:Hs M44<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 2632	Beehive Cluster or Praesepe	File:Messier 44 2018.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Cancer	3.7	95'	08^h 40.4^m	+19° 59′
Template:Hs M45<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Sort	Pleiades, Seven Sisters or Subaru	File:Bob Star - M45 Carranza Field (by).jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh0.39–0.46	Taurus	1.6	2°	03^h 47^m 24^s	+24° 07′ 00″
Template:Hs M46<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 2437	Template:Sort	File:M46a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Puppis	6.0	22.8'	07^h 41.8^m	−14° 49′
Template:Hs M47<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	NGC 2422	Template:Sort	File:M47a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Puppis	4.4	30'	07^h 36.6^m	−14° 30′
Template:Hs M48<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 2548	Template:Sort	File:M48a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Hydra	5.5	30'	08^h 13.7^m	−05° 45′
Template:Hs M49<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4472	Template:Sort	File:Messier 49 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh53,600–58,200	Virgo	8.4	10.2' × 8.3'	12^h 29^m 46.7^s	+08° 00′ 02″
Template:Hs M50<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 2323	Heart-Shaped Cluster	File:M50a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Monoceros	5.9	16'	07^h 03.2^m	−08° 20′
Template:Hs M51<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 5194, NGC 5195	Whirlpool Galaxy	File:Messier51 sRGB.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh19,000–27,000	Canes Venatici	8.4	11.2′ × 6.9′	13^h 29^m 52.7^s	+47° 11′ 43″
Template:Hs M52<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 7654	Scorpion Cluster	File:M52atlas.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Cassiopeia	7.3	13'	23^h 24.2^m	+61° 35′
Template:Hs M53<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 5024	Template:Sort	File:Globular Cluster M53.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Coma Berenices	7.6	13'	13^h 12^m 55.25^s	+18° 10′ 05.4″
Template:Hs M54<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6715	Template:Sort	File:Messier54.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	7.6	12'	18^h 55^m 03.33^s	−30° 28′ 47.5″
Template:Hs M55<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6809	Specter Cluster	File:Messier55.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	6.3	19'	19^h 39^m 59.71^s	−30° 57′ 53.1″
Template:Hs M56<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6779	Template:Sort	File:M56-LRGB.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Lyra	8.3	8.8'	19^h 16^m 35.57^s	+30° 11′ 00.5″
Template:Hs M57<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6720	Ring Nebula	File:M57 The Ring Nebula.JPG	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh1.6–3.8	Lyra	8.8	230" × 230"	18^h 53^m 35.079^s	+33° 01′ 45.03″
Template:Hs M58<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4579	Template:Sort	File:M58s (visible).jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh~63,000	Virgo	9.7	5.9' × 4.7'	12^h 37^m 43.5^s	+11° 49′ 05″
Template:Hs M59<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4621	Template:Sort	File:Messier59 - HST - Potw1921a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh55,000–65,000	Virgo	9.6	5.4' × 3.7'	12^h 42^m 02.3^s	+11° 38′ 49″
Template:Hs M60<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4649	Template:Sort	File:Messier 60 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh51,000–59,000	Virgo	8.8	7.4' × 6.0'	12^h 43^m 39.6^s	+11° 33′ 09″
Template:Hs M61<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4303	Swelling Spiral Galaxy	File:Messier61 - ESO - Potw1901a.tif	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh50,200–54,800	Virgo	9.7	6.5' × 5.8'	12^h 21^m 54.9^s	+04° 28′ 25″
Template:Hs M62<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6266	Flickering Globular	File:Messier object 062.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Ophiuchus	6.5	15'	17^h 01^m 12.60^s	−30° 06′ 44.5″
Template:Hs M63<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 5055	Sunflower Galaxy	File:M63s.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Canes Venatici	8.6	12.6' × 7.2'	13^h 15^m 49.3^s	+42° 01′ 45″
Template:Hs M64<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4826	Black Eye Galaxy	File:Blackeyegalaxy.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh22,000–26,000	Coma Berenices	8.5	10.7' × 5.1'	12^h 56^m 43.7^s	+21° 40′ 58″
Template:Hs M65<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 3623	Leo Triplet	File:M65.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh41,000–42,000	Leo	9.3	8.7' × 2.5'	11^h 18^m 55.9^s	+13° 05′ 32″
Template:Hs M66<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 3627	Leo Triplet	File:Phot-33c-03-fullres.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh31,000–41,000	Leo	8.9	9.1' × 4.2'	11^h 20^m 15.0^s	+12° 59′ 30″
Template:Hs M67<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 2682	King Cobra or Golden Eye Cluster	File:Messier object 067.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh2.61–2.93	Cancer	6.1	30'	08^h 51.3^m	+11° 49′
Template:Hs M68<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4590	Template:Sort	File:Messier object 068.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Hydra	7.8	11'	12^h 39^m 27.98^s	−26° 44′ 38.6″
Template:Hs M69<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6637	Template:Sort	File:Messier object 069.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	7.6	10.8'	18^h 31^m 23.10^s	−32° 20′ 53.1″
Template:Hs M70<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6681	Template:Sort	File:Messier70.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	7.9	8'	18^h 43^m 12.76^s	−32° 17′ 31.6″
Template:Hs M71<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6838	Angelfish Cluster	File:Messier71.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagitta	8.2	7.2'	19^h 53^m 46.49^s	+18° 46′ 45.1″
Template:Hs M72<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6981	Template:Sort	File:Messier72.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh53.40–55.74	Aquarius	9.3	6.6'	20^h 53^m 27.70^s	−12° 32′ 14.3″
Template:Hs M73<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6994	Template:Sort	File:Messier 073 2MASS.jpg	Asterism	Template:Ntsh~2.5	Aquarius	9.0	2.8'	20^h 58^m 54^s	−12° 38′
Template:Hs M74<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 628	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:Messier 74 by HST.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh24,000–36,000	Pisces	9.4	10.5' x 9.5'	01^h 36^m 41.8^s	+15° 47′ 01″
Template:Hs M75<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6864	Template:Sort	File:Messier75.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Sagittarius	8.5	6.8'	20^h 06^m 04.75^s	−21° 55′ 16.2″
Template:Hs M76<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 650, NGC 651	Little Dumbbell Nebula	File:M76-RL5-DDmin-Gamma-LRGB 883x628.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Perseus	10.1	2.7' × 1.8'	01^h 42.4^m	+51° 34′ 31″
Template:Hs M77<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 1068	Cetus A or Squid Galaxy	File:Messier 77 spiral galaxy by HST.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Cetus	8.9	7.1' × 6.0'	02^h 42^m 40.7^s	−00° 00′ 48″
Template:Hs M78<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 2068	Template:Sort	File:Messier 78.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Orion	8.3	8' × 6'	05^h 46^m 46.7^s	+00° 00′ 50″
Template:Hs M79<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 1904	Template:Sort	File:M79a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Lepus	7.7	8.7'	05^h 24^m 10.59^s	−24° 31′ 27.3″
Template:Hs M80<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6093	Template:Sort	File:A Swarm of Ancient Stars - GPN-2000-000930.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Scorpius	7.3	10'	16^h 17^m 02.41^s	−22° 58′ 33.9″
Template:Hs M81<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 3031	Bode's Galaxy	File:M81.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh11,400–12,200	Ursa Major	6.9	26.9' × 14.1'	09^h 55^m 33.2^s	+69° 03′ 55″
Template:Hs M82<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 3034	Cigar Galaxy	File:JPEG M82 Cigar Galaxyjn.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh10,700–12,300	Ursa Major	8.4	11.2' × 4.3'	09^h 55^m 52.2^s	+69° 40′ 47″
Template:Hs M83<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 5236	Southern Pinwheel Galaxy	File:M83 - Southern Pinwheel.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Hydra	7.6	12.9' × 11.5'	13^h 37^m 00.9^s	−29° 51′ 57″
Template:Hs M84<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4374	Template:Sort	File:Messier 84 nucleus Hubble.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh57,000–63,000	Virgo	9.1	6.5' × 5.6'	12^h 25^m 03.7^s	+12° 53′ 13″
Template:Hs M85<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4382	Template:Sort	File:Messier 85 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh56,000–64,000	Coma Berenices	9.1	7.1' × 5.5'	12^h 25^m 24.0^s	+18° 11′ 28″
Template:Hs M86<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4406	Template:Sort	File:Messier 86 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh49,000–55,000	Virgo	8.9	8.9' × 5.8'	12^h 26^m 11.7^s	+12° 56′ 46″
Template:Hs M87<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4486	Virgo A	File:Messier 87 Hubble WikiSky.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh51,870–55,130	Virgo	8.6	7.2' × 6.8'	12^h 30^m 49.42338^s	+12° 23′ 28.0439″
Template:Hs M88<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4501	Template:Sort	File:M88s.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh39,000–56,000	Coma Berenices	9.6	6.9' × 3.7'	12^h 31^m 59.2^s	+14° 25′ 14″
Template:Hs M89<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4552	Template:Sort	File:Messier89 - HST - Potw1902a.tif	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh47,000–53,000	Virgo	9.8	5.1' × 4.7'	12^h 35^m 39.8^s	+12° 33′ 23″
Template:Hs M90<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4569	Template:Sort	File:Messier90 - SDSS DR14 (panorama).jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh55,900–61,500	Virgo	9.5	9.5' × 4.4'	12^h 36^m 49.8^s	+13° 09′ 46″
Template:Hs M91<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4548	Template:Sort	File:M91s.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh47,000–79,000	Coma Berenices	10.2	5.4' × 4.3'	12^h 35^m 26.4^s	+14° 29′ 47″
Template:Hs M92<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6341	Template:Sort	File:Globular Cluster M92.JPG	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Hercules	6.4	14'	17^h 17^m 07.39^s	+43° 08′ 09.4″
Template:Hs M93<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 2447	Critter Cluster	File:Messier object 093.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Puppis	6.0	10'	07^h 44.6^m	−23° 52′
Template:Hs M94<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4736	Crocodile Eye or Cat's Eye Galaxy	File:Messier 94.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh14,700–17,300	Canes Venatici	8.2	11.2' × 9.1'	12^h 50^m 53.1^s	+41° 07′ 14″
Template:Hs M95<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 3351	Template:Sort	File:The VLT goes lion hunting.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh31,200–34,000	Leo	9.7	3.1' × 2.9'	10^h 43^m 57.7^s	+11° 42′ 14″
Template:Hs M96<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 3368	Template:Sort	File:NGC 3368 ESO.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh28,000–34,000	Leo	9.2	7.6' × 5.2'	10^h 46^m 45.7^s	+11° 49′ 12″
Template:Hs M97<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 3587	Owl Nebula	File:M97-stargazer-obs.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Ursa Major	9.9	3.4' × 3.3'	11^h 14^m 47.734^s	+55° 01′ 08.50″
Template:Hs M98<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4192	Template:Sort	File:M-98.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Coma Berenices	10.1	9.8' × 2.8'	12^h 13^m 48.292^s	+14° 54′ 01.69″
Template:Hs M99<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4254	St. Catherine's Wheel	File:M99.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh44,700–55,700	Coma Berenices	9.9	5.4' × 4.7'	12^h 18^m 49.6^s	+14° 24′ 59″
Template:Hs M100<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4321	Mirror Galaxy	File:Messier 100 and Supernova SN 2006X.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Coma Berenices	9.3	7.4' × 6.3'	12^h 22^m 54.9^s	+15° 49′ 21″
Template:Hs M101<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 5457	Pinwheel Galaxy	File:M101 hires STScI-PRC2006-10a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh19,100–22,400	Ursa Major	7.9	28.8' × 26.9'	14^h 03^m 12.6^s	+54° 20′ 57″
Template:Hs M102<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 5866	Spindle Galaxy	File:Ngc5866 hst big.png	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh50,000	Draco	9.9	4.7' x 1.9'	15^h 06^m 29.5^s	+55° 45′ 48″
Template:Hs M103<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }} </ref>	NGC 581	Template:Sort	File:Messier object 103.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Cassiopeia	7.4	6'	01^h 33.2^m	+60° 42′
Template:Hs M104<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 4594	Sombrero Galaxy	File:M104 ngc4594 sombrero galaxy hi-res.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh28,700–30,900	Virgo	8.0	9' x 4'	12^h 39^m 59.4^s	−11° 37′ 23″
Template:Hs M105<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }} </ref>	NGC 3379	Template:Sort	File:Messier105 - HST - Potw1901a.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh30,400–33,600	Leo	9.3	5.4' × 4.8'	10^h 47^m 49.6^s	+12° 34′ 54″
Template:Hs M106<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }} </ref>	NGC 4258	–	File:Messier 106 visible and infrared composite.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh22,200–25,200	Canes Venatici	8.4	18.6' × 7.2'	12^h 18^m 57.5^s	+47° 18′ 14″
Template:Hs M107<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 6171	Crucifix Cluster	File:Messier object 107.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Ophiuchus	7.9	10'	16^h 32^m 31.86^s	−13° 03′ 13.6″
Template:Hs M108<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 3556	Surfboard Galaxy	File:Messier108 - SDSS DR 14 (panorama).jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Nts	Ursa Major	10.0	8.7' × 2.2'	11^h 11^m 31.0^s	+55° 40′ 27″
Template:Hs M109<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 3992	Vacuum Cleaner Galaxy	File:Messier109 - SDSS DR14 (panorama).jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh59,500–107,500	Ursa Major	9.8	7.6' × 4.7'	11^h 57^m 36.0^s	+53° 22′ 28″
Template:Hs M110<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	NGC 205	Andromeda Satellite #2	File:Messier object 110.jpg	Template:Sort	Template:Ntsh2,600–2,780	Andromeda	8.5	21.9' × 11.0'	00^h 40^m 22.1^s	+41° 41′ 07″

Star chart of Messier objectsEdit

File:MessierStarChart.svg

Star chart depicting the Messier objects plotted on a rectangular grid representing right ascension and declination

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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