Incubator escapee wiki

Voiced alveolar fricative

Article Discussion
Revision as of 18:34, 4 May 2025 by imported>PrimeBOT (Task 24: template replacement following an RFD)
(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

Template:Short description The voiced alveolar fricatives are consonantal sounds. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a sibilant or non-sibilant fricative is being described.

<templatestyles src="Template:TOC_right/styles.css" />{{#if:|<templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" />}}

Voiced coronal fricatives
Dental Denti-
alveolar 		Alveolar Post-alveolar
Retracted Retroflex Palato-
alveolar 		Alveolo-
palatal
Sibilant plain {{#invoke:IPA|main}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}}
Non-sibilant Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
tapped Template:IPA link
Coronal sibilants
IPA
symbol 		meaning
place
of articulation 		passive
(mouth) 		Template:Angbr IPA dental
Template:Angbr IPA advanced
(denti-alveolar)
Template:Angbr IPA alveolar
Template:Angbr IPA retracted
(postalveolar)
active
(tongue) 		Template:Angbr IPA apical
Template:Angbr IPA laminal
Template:Angbr IPA retroflex
secondary Template:Angbr IPA palatalized coronal
Template:Angbr IPA alveolo-palatal
Template:Angbr IPA palato-alveolar
Template:Angbr IPA labialized coronal
Template:Angbr IPA velarized coronal
Template:Angbr IPA pharyngealized coronal
voice-onset time Template:Angbr IPA breathy coronal

Voiced alveolar sibilantEdit

Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA The voiced alveolar sibilant is common across European languages, but is relatively uncommon cross-linguistically compared to the voiceless variant. Only about 28% of the world's languages contain a voiced dental or alveolar sibilant. Moreover, 85% of the languages with some form of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} are languages of Europe, Africa, or Western Asia.Template:Citation needed

FeaturesEdit

Template:Sibilant

  • There are at least three specific variants of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}:
    • Dentalized laminal alveolar (commonly called "dental"), which means it is articulated with the tongue blade very close to the upper front teeth, with the tongue tip resting behind lower front teeth. The hissing effect in this variety of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is very strong.<ref name="PNFK">Template:Harvcoltxt, cited in Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>
    • Non-retracted alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal. According to Template:Harvcoltxt about half of English speakers use a non-retracted apical articulation.
    • Retracted alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue slightly behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal. Acoustically, it is close to Template:IPAblink or laminal Template:IPAblink.

Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

OccurrenceEdit

Dentalized laminal alveolarEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Armenian EasternTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'decoration'
AzerbaijaniTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'sprout'
BelarusianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'base' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Belarusian phonology
BulgarianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'lake' Contrasts with palatalized form.
CzechTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'winter' See Czech phonology
English Multicultural London<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> || zoo || {{#invoke:IPA|main}} || 'zoo' || See English phonology

FrenchTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'zebra' See French phonology
HungarianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'pledge' See Hungarian phonology
Kashubian<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> ||colspan=2 align=center| Template:Example needed || ||

KazakhTemplate:Sfnp lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'law'
KyrgyzTemplate:Sfnp lang}}
LatvianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'branch' See Latvian phonology
MacedonianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'why' See Macedonian phonology
Mirandese lang}} main}} 'learning' Contrasts seven sibilants altogether, preserving medieval Ibero-Romance contrasts.
Polish<ref name=PNFK/>Template:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'zero' See Polish phonology
Portuguese Most speakers lang}} main}} 'United States' See Portuguese phonology
Romanian<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}Template:Dead link</ref> || {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} || {{#invoke:IPA|main}} || 'dice'|| See Romanian phonology

RussianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'to pick up' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Serbo-CroatianTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'loan' See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak lang}} main}} 'winter'
Slovene<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}} main}} 'winter'
TurkishTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'eye' See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian<ref>Template:Cite journal (PDF ram-verlag.eu)</ref> lang}} main}} 'tooth' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Ukrainian phonology
Upper SorbianTemplate:Sfnp koza main}} 'goat'
UzbekTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'victory'
Vietnamese HanoiTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'skin' See Vietnamese phonology

Non-retracted alveolarEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Adyghe lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'one'
Albanian lang}} main}} 'fire'
Arabic StandardTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'visitor' See Arabic phonology
Assamese lang}} main}} 'chili'
Assyrian ܙܢ̱ܓܐ zìga main}} 'bell'
Bengali lang}} main}} 'Salah' Mostly in loanwords and often replaced by Template:IPAblink.
See Bengali phonology
Breton lang}} main}} 'church'
Chechen зурма / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'music'
Dutch Belgian StandardTemplate:Sfnp {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Audio-IPA ‘soap’ Laminal.Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
Northern StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Template:Audio-IPA Laminal; may have only mid-to-low pitched friction. It is often retracted when preconsonantal, after rounded vowels and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp
See Dutch phonology
Emilian Bolognese raṡån main}} 'reason' Palatalized apical; may be Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink instead.
English zoo Template:Audio-IPA 'zoo' Absent from some Scottish and Asian dialects. See English phonology
Esperanto lang}} main}} 'cousin' See Esperanto phonology
GeorgianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'bell'
Greek Athens dialectTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / záli main}} 'dizziness' See Modern Greek phonology
Hebrew lang}} main}} 'wolf' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindustani Hindi lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'land' May be replaced in Hindi by Template:IPAblink. See Hindustani phonology
Urdu lang}}
JapaneseTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'everything' Might be replaced with Template:IPAblink. See Japanese phonology
Kabardian lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'one'
Kalaw Lagaw Ya lang}} main}} 'go'
Kashmiri lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'to know'
Khmer lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} noun: 'Belgium', 'Belgian(s)'
adjective: 'Belgian'		 See Khmer phonology
KondaTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp sunz main}} 'to sleep'
Malay beza main}} 'difference'
Maltese lang}} main}} 'zeal'
Marathi lang}} main}} 'if' See Marathi phonology.
Nepali lang}} main}} 'thousand' Coda and intervocalic allophone of /d͡z/ and /d͡zʱ/.<ref name="pokharel">Template:Citation</ref>
lang}} main}} 'paper'
lang}} main}} 'to explain'
lang}} main}} 'middle'
Occitan Limousin jòune main}} 'young' See Occitan phonology
Persian lang}} [ɾuːz] 'day'
PortugueseTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'house' See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi Gurmukhi lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'thousand' May be replaced by Template:IPAblink in Gurmukhi (Indian) varieties.
Shahmukhi lang}}
Spanish Andalusian {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'Communism' Allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} before voiced consonants, when it is not debuccalized to {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. Present in dialects which realize {{#invoke:IPA|main}} as a non-retracted alveolar fricative. Before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} it is dental {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
Latin American
Filipino
Swahili lang}} main}} 'must'
Tamil Jaffna Tamil lang}} main}} 'letter' Was only reported for 1 speaker in the sample but he pronounced it regularly.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
West FrisianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'to say' It never occurs in word-initial positions. See West Frisian phonology
Yi lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'generation'
Yiddish lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'son'
Zapotec TilquiapanTemplate:Sfnp guanaz main}} 'went to grab'

Template:Anchor

Retracted alveolarEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
CatalanTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'zeal' Apical. See Catalan phonology
DutchTemplate:Sfnp zat Template:Audio-IPA 'full', 'fed (up)'
Galician mesmo main}} 'same' main}} before voiced consonants. Before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} it is pronounced dentally {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
GreekTemplate:Sfnp lang}} / Template:Transliteration main}} 'mass' See Modern Greek phonology
Italian Central ItalyTemplate:Sfnp {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'case' Present in Lazio north of Cape Linaro,Template:Sfnp most of UmbriaTemplate:Sfnp (save Perugia and the extreme south)Template:Sfnp and Le Marche south of the Potenza.Template:Sfnp
Northern ItalyTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Apical.Template:Sfnp Present in many areas north of the La Spezia–Rimini Line.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See Italian phonology
SicilyTemplate:Sfnp Present south and west of a line drawn from Syracuse to Cefalù.Template:Sfnp
Low GermanTemplate:Sfnp Template:Example needed
Maldivian zaraafaa main}} 'giraffe'
Mirandese lang}} main}} 'to exist' Apical. Mirandese and neighboring Portuguese dialects were the only surviving oral tradition to preserve all seven mediaeval Ibero-Romance sibilants: Template:Angbr Template:IPAslink, Template:Angbr Template:IPAslink, Template:Angbr/Template:Angbr Template:IPAslink, Template:Angbr/Template:Angbr Template:IPAslink, Template:Angbr {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, Template:Angbr/-Template:Angbr- Template:IPAslink, -Template:Angbr- {{#invoke:IPA|main}}
Occitan Gascon casèrna main}} 'barracks' See Occitan phonology
Languedocien véser main}} 'to see'
Piedmontese amis main}} 'friend' Apical. See Piemontese phonology
Portuguese Coastal Northern European Template:Example needed main}}. See Portuguese phonology
Inland Northern European Template:Example needed main}}. See Portuguese phonology
Spanish Andean mismo {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'same' Apical. Allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} before voiced consonants. Before {{#invoke:IPA|main}} it is pronounced dentally {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Spanish phonology
Castilian
Paisa Region

VariableEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
German StandardTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'clean' Varies between dentalized laminal, non-retracted laminal and non-retracted apical.Template:Sfnp See Standard German phonology
Italian StandardTemplate:Sfnp {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'case' Varies between dentalized laminal and non-retracted apical.Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology
TicinoTemplate:Sfnp Varies between dentalized laminal and non-retracted apical.Template:Sfnp Both variants may be labiodentalized.Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology

Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricativeEdit

Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA

The voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative is a consonantal sound. As the International Phonetic Alphabet does not have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants (the same symbol is used for all coronal places of articulation that are not palatalized), it can represent the sound as in a number of ways including Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA (retracted or alveolarized {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, respectively), Template:Angbr IPA (constricted {{#invoke:IPA|main}}), or Template:Angbr IPA (lowered {{#invoke:IPA|main}}).

Few languages also have the voiced alveolar tapped fricative, which is simply a very brief apical alveolar non-sibilant fricative, with the tongue making the gesture for a tapped stop but not making full contact. It can be indicated in the IPA with the lowering diacritic to show that full occlusion does not occur. Flapped fricatives are theoretically possible but are not attested.Template:Sfnp

FeaturesEdit

Template:Fricative However, it does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant. Template:Alveolar Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

OccurrenceEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Aragonese ChistabinoTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'air' main}}.Template:Sfnp
CzechTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'four' May be a fricative trillTemplate:Sfnp or a tap fricative instead.Template:Sfnp It contrasts with {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Czech phonology
Dahalo<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'work' main}}, and may be an approximant Template:IPAblink or simply a plosive Template:IPAblink instead.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>
Dutch<ref name="CM199">Template:Harvcoltxt. Authors do not say where exactly it is used.</ref> lang}} main}} 'for' main}}; distribution unclear. See Dutch phonology
Emilian Bolognese lang}} main}} 'case' Laminal
English ScouseTemplate:Sfnp maid main}} 'maid' main}}. See English phonology
South AfricanTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp round main}} 'round' Apical,Template:Sfnp present in some urban dialects.Template:Sfnp See South African English phonology
Icelandic<ref name="Pétursson">Template:Harvcoltxt, cited in Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="Grønnum">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}} main}} 'brother' Usually apical,<ref name="Pétursson"/><ref name="Grønnum"/> may be closer to an approximant. See Icelandic phonology
Italian SicilyTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'earth' main}} in standard Italian.Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology
ManxTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'big' main}}, in free variation with other allophones.
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp Aragonese lang}} main}} 'air' main}}.Template:Sfnp See Spanish phonology
Swedish Central StandardTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'wanderer' main}} around the Stockholm area. See Swedish phonology
Tacana<ref name="tacana">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> || colspan="2" | Template:Example needed || || Tapped.<ref name="tacana"/>

TurkishTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'dream' main}}.Template:Sfnp See Turkish phonology

Voiced lateral-median fricativeEdit

Template:Infobox IPA Template:Infobox IPA

The voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative (also known as a "lisp" fricative) is a consonantal sound. Consonants is pronounced with simultaneous lateral and central airflow.

FeaturesEdit

Template:Fricative However, it does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant. Template:Alveolar Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Lateral Template:Pulmonic

OccurrenceEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Arabic<ref>Heselwood (2013) Phonetic transcription in theory and practice, p 122–123</ref><ref name="Janet Watson">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Rijal Almaʽa lang}} main}} 'hyena' main}} and Modern Standard Arabic {{#invoke:IPA|main}}
Mehri<ref name="Janet Watson"/> lang}} main}} 'plait'

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

Template:Reflist

ReferencesEdit

Template:Refbegin

Template:Refend

External linksEdit

Template:IPA navigation

Retrieved from "https://zalansite.site/mediawiki/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&oldid=321993"