Demographics of Canada

Statistics Canada conducts a country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure.<ref name=2021cen>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is estimated that Canada's population surpassed 40 million in 2023 and 41 million in 2024.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Between 1990 and 2008, the population increased by 5.6 million, equivalent to 20.4 percent overall growth.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The main driver of population growth is immigration,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="statcangc" /> with 6.2% of the country's population being made up of temporary residents as of 2023,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> or about 2.5 million people.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7 million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> driven mainly by economic policy and, to a lesser extent, family reunification.<ref name="HollifieldMartin2014">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="BeaujotKerr2007j">Template:Cite book</ref> In 2021, a total of 405,330 immigrants were admitted to Canada. New immigrants to Canada settle mostly in major urban areas such as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Population

File:Population density per province by Canada gradient map (2021).svg

Population density of Canadian provinces and territories Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The 2021 Canadian census had a total population count of 36,991,981 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of the world's total population.<ref name=2021cen/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A population estimate for 2024 put the total number of people in Canada at 41,012,563.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="cia.gov">Template:Citation</ref>

Provinces and territories

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:Excerpt

Population distribution

The vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="StatCan2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Cities

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:Largest cities

Census metropolitan areas

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Fertility rate

File:Total Fertility Rate of Canada from 1861 to 2016.svg

Total fertility rate of Canada from 1861 to 2016

The total fertility rate is the number of children born in a specific year cohort to the total number of women who can give birth in the country.

In 1971, the birth rate for the first time dipped below replacement<ref name="publications.gc.ca">Template:Citation</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Citation</ref> and since then has not rebounded.<ref name="publications.gc.ca" />

Canada's fertility rate hit a record low of 1.4 children born per woman in 2020,<ref name="CIC News">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> below the population replacement level, which stands at 2.1 births per woman. In 2020, Canada also experienced the country's lowest number of births in 15 years,<ref name="CIC News"/> also seeing the largest annual drop in childbirths (−3.6%) in a quarter of a century.<ref name="CIC News"/> The total birth rate is 10.17 births/1,000 population in 2022.<ref name="cia.gov" /> Template:Sticky header

Total fertility rate	Years<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
	1861	1862	1863	1864	1865	1866	1867	1868	1869	1870
	5.72	5.63	5.54	5.44	5.35	5.26	5.17	5.07	4.98	4.89
	1871	1872	1873	1874	1875	1876	1877	1878	1879	1880
	4.83	4.77	4.75	4.72	4.7	4.68	4.65	4.63	4.6	4.53
	1881	1882	1883	1884	1885	1886	1887	1888	1899	1890
	4.56	4.52	4.49	4.45	4.42	4.38	4.35	4.31	4.27	4.24
	1891	1892	1893	1894	1895	1896	1897	1898	1899	1900
	4.2	4.19	4.17	4.15	4.13	4.11	4.1	4.08	4.06	4.04
	1901	1902	1903	1904	1905	1906	1907	1908	1909	1910
	4.02	4.03	4.03	4.03	4.03	4.04	4.04	4.04	4.04	4.05
	1911	1912	1913	1914	1915	1916	1917	1918	1919	1920
	4.05	4	3.95	3.89	3.84	3.79	3.74	3.68	3.63	3.58
	1921	1922	1923	1924	1925	1926	1927	1928	1929	1930
	3.53	3.4	3.23	3.22	3.13	3.35	3.32	3.29	3.22	3.28
	1931	1932	1933	1934	1935	1936	1937	1938	1939	1940
	3.19	3.08	2.86	2.8	2.75	2.69	2.64	2.7	2.65	2.76
	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950
	2.82	2.96	3.04	3	3.01	3.37	3.59	3.44	3.45	3.45
	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2006	2011	2016	2021	-
	3.81	2.11	1.65	1.67	1.52	1.6	1.63	1.58	1.46	–

Total fertility rates by provinces and territories

2023<ref>Fertility indicators, provinces and territories: Interactive dashboard</ref>

Province/Territory	TFR
Template:Flag	2.48
Template:Flag	1.63
Template:Flag	1.52
Template:Flag	1.41
Template:Flag	1.39
Template:Flag	1.38
Template:Flag	1.26
Template:Flag	1.24
Template:Flag	1.22
Template:Flag	1.16
Template:Flag	1.08
Template:Flag	1.05
Template:Flag	1.01
Template:Flag	1.00

Mother's mean age at first birth

Canada is among late-childbearing countries, with the average age of mothers at the first birth being 31.3 years in 2020.<ref name="statcangc">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Sticky header

Average age of childbirth at first birth<ref name=":1" />	Year
	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950	1951	1952	1953	1954	1955
	25.2	25.1	24.9	24.7	24.6	24.5	24.3	24.2	24.2	24.1	24.1
	1956	1957	1958	1959	1960	1961	1962	1963	1964	1965	1966
	24	23.9	23.8	23.7	23.7	23.6	23.6	23.6	23.6	23.5	23.5
	1967	1968	1969	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976	1977
	23.6	23.6	23.7	23.7	23.9	24	24.1	24.3	24.3	24.4	24.5
	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988
	24.7	24.8	24.9	25	25.1	25.3	25.4	25.5	25.6	25.7	25.8
	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
	25.8	25.9	25.9	26.1	26.3	26.2	26.3	26.5	26.7	26.8	27
	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
	27.1	27.3	27.5	27.8	27.9	28	28	28.1	28.1	28.2	28.4
	2011
	28.5

Population projection

File:Can Provinces by Population Growth Rate.svg

Map of Canadian provinces and territories by population growth rate (2016–2021).Template:LegendTemplate:LegendTemplate:LegendTemplate:LegendTemplate:Legend

According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/World Bank, the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the United States and 31.2% growth in Mexico. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics, for the same period the world population growth was 27%, a total of 1,423 million people.<ref name="IEApop2011">CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Template:Webarchive Population 1971–2008 (pdf Template:Webarchive pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57 {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, over the same period, the population of France grew by 8.0%. And from 1991 to 2011, the population of the UK increased by 10.0%.

The current population growth rate for Canada in 2022 was 0.75%.<ref name="cia.gov" />

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Canada has consistently risen since the country's formation.

File:Life expectancy in Canada.svg

Life expectancy in Canada since 1831

File:Life expectancy by WBG -Canada -diff.png

Life expectancy in Canada since 1960 by gender

Life expectancy	Year<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation										CitationClass=web }}</ref>
	1831	1841	1851	1861	1871	1881	1891	1901	1911
	39.0	40.3	41.0	41.6	42.6	44.7	45.2	48.6	52.5
	1921	1922	1923	1924	1925	1926	1927	1928	1929
	57.0	57.0	56.9	58.8	59.2	57.2	58.6	58.4	57.9
	1930	1931	1932	1933	1934	1935	1936	1937	1938	1939
	58.9	60.3	61.4	62.3	62.7	62.4	62.7	61.3	63.3	63.7
	1940	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949
	64.0	63.7	64.6	64.6	65.3	66.3	66.5	66.7	67.3	67.6
	1950	1950–55	1955–60	1960–65	1965–70	1970–75	1975–80	1980–85	1985–90
	68.2	69.1	70.3	71.3	72.2	73.0	74.3	75.9	76.8
	1990–95	1995–2000	2000–2005	2005–2010	2010–2015	2015–2020
	77.8	78.6	79.7	80.8	81.8	83.7

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2016)

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 180th

male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

File:Population pyramid of Canada overtime from 1950 to 2020.gif

Population pyramid of Canada over time from 1950 to 2020

Age characteristics

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 10.V.2016) (To ensure confidentiality, the values, including totals are randomly rounded either up or down to a multiple of '5' or '10.' As a result, when these data are summed or grouped, the total value may not match the individual values since totals and sub-totals are independently rounded. Similarly, percentages, which are calculated on rounded data, may not necessarily add up to 100%.):<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Sticky header

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	17 264 200	17 887 530	35 151 730	100
0–4	973 030	925 760	1 898 790	5.40
5–9	1 034 685	983 445	2 018 130	5.74
10–14	985 200	937 445	1 922 645	5.47
15–19	1 039 215	986 940	2 026 160	5.76
20–24	1 144 495	1 098 200	2 242 695	6.38
25–29	1 144 475	1 141 515	2 285 990	6.50
30–34	1 148 290	1 181 105	2 329 400	6.63
35–39	1 118 635	1 169 730	2 288 365	6.51
40–44	1 104 445	1 150 690	2 255 135	6.42
45–49	1 157 755	1 202 205	2 359 965	6.71
50–54	1 318 755	1 359 320	2 678 070	7.62
55–59	1 285 190	1 335 050	2 620 240	7.45
60–64	1 114 880	1 175 630	2 290 510	6.52
65–69	953 070	1 019 405	1 972 475	5.61
70–74	677 975	742 900	1 420 875	4.04
75–79	469 550	552 305	1 021 850	2.91
80–84	325 760	423 885	749 645	2.13
85–89	185 535	296 985	482 525	1.37
90–94	68 675	154 835	223 505	0.64
95–99	13 245	43 280	56 525	0.16
100+	1 340	6 895	8 230	0.02
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	2 992 915	2 846 650	5 839 565	16.61
15–64	11 576 135	11 800 390	23 376 525	66.50
65+	2 695 150	3 240 490	5 935 640	16.89

Age structure<ref name="cia.gov" />

0–14 years: 15.99% (male 3,094,008/female 2,931,953)

15–24 years: 11.14% (male 2,167,013/female 2,032,064)

25–54 years: 39.81% (male 7,527,554/female 7,478,737)

55–64 years: 14.08% (male 2,624,474/female 2,682,858)

65 years and over: 18.98% (male 3,274,298/female 3,881,126) (2020 est.)

Median age

total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 40th

male: 40.6 years

female: 42.9 years (2020 est.)

Median age in 2011

total: 40.6 years

male: 39.6 years

female: 41.5 years (2011)

Median age by province and territory in 2011<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

1. Newfoundland and Labrador: 44.0
2. Nova Scotia: 43.7
3. New Brunswick: 43.7
4. Prince Edward Island: 42.8
5. Quebec: 41.9
6. British Columbia: 41.9
7. Ontario: 40.4
8. Yukon: 39.1
9. Manitoba: 38.4
10. Saskatchewan: 38.2
11. Alberta: 36.5
12. Northwest Territories: 32.3
13. Nunavut: 24.1

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0–14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15–24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

25–54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

55–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est).

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 47.3

youth dependency ratio: 23.5

elderly dependency ratio: 23.8

potential support ratio: 4.2 (2015 est.)

Vital statistics

Source: Statistics Canada<ref>B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics: the Americas, 1750–2000.</ref><ref>[1] United nations. Demographic Yearbooks</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Population estimates on July 1, by age and gender, Statistics Canada, visited 18 August 2024 </ref>

	Average population (on July 1)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Birth rate (per 1,000)	Death rate (per 1,000)	Natural change (per 1,000)	Crude Migration change (per 1,000)	Total fertility rateTemplate:Efn<ref name="publications.gc.ca" /><ref name="cia.gov" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1900	5,500,000	150,000	89,000	61,000	27.2	16.2	11.0
1901	5,600,000	175,000	79,000	96,000	31.2	14.1	17.1	0.8
1902	5,760,000	180,000	77,000	103,000	31.3	13.4	17.9	9.9	4.8
1903	5,930,000	186,000	78,000	108,000	31.3	13.2	18.1	10.6
1904	6,100,000	192,000	82,000	110,000	31.4	13.5	17.9	10.0
1905	6,280,000	195,000	82,000	113,000	31.0	13.0	18.0	10.7
1906	6,460,000	193,000	85,000	108,000	29.9	13.2	16.7	11.2
1907	6,650,000	196,000	85,000	111,000	29.5	12.8	16.7	11.9	4.74
1908	6,850,000	208,000	86,000	122,000	30.3	12.6	17.7	11.5
1909	7,040,000	213,000	90,000	123,000	30.2	12.8	17.4	9.6
1910	7,250,000	220,000	95,000	125,000	30.4	13.1	17.3	11.7
1911	7,460,000	225,000	100,000	125,000	30.1	13.4	16.7	11.5	4.7
1912	7,610,000	238,000	99,000	139,000	31.3	13.0	19.3	0.4	4.62
1913	7,760,000	246,000	102,000	144,000	31.7	13.1	19.6	-0.3
1914	7,910,000	252,000	100,000	152,000	31.9	12.6	19.3	-0.3
1915	8,060,000	257,000	101,000	156,000	31.9	12.5	19.4	-0.8
1916	8,220,000	252,000	107,000	145,000	30.7	13.0	17.7	1.8
1917	8,380,000	244,000	106,000	138,000	29.1	12.7	16.4	2.7	4.26
1918	8,450,000	243,000	134,000	109,000	28.8	15.9	12.9	-4.6
1919	8,710,000	241,000	119,000	122,000	27.7	13.7	14.0	15.9
1920	8,880,000	259,000	118,000	141,000	29.2	13.3	15.9	3.2
1921	9,060,000	265,000	105,000	160,000	29.3	11.6	17.7	2.2	3.98
1922	9,230,000	261,000	107,000	154,000	28.3	11.6	16.7	1.7	3.86
1923	9,400,000	251,000	111,000	140,000	26.7	11.8	14.9	3.2
1924	9,560,000	255,000	104,000	151,000	26.7	10.9	15.8	0.9
1925	9,730,000	254,000	104,000	150,000	26.1	10.7	15.4	2.1
1926	9,890,000	244,000	113,000	131,000	24.7	11.4	13.3	2.9
1927	10,040,000	244,000	110,000	134,000	24.3	11.0	13.3	1.6	3.32
1928	10,190,000	246,000	114,000	132,000	24.1	11.2	12.9	1.8
1929	10,350,000	243,000	118,000	125,000	23.5	11.4	12.1	3.4	3.22
1930	10,498,000	251,000	113,000	138,000	23.9	10.8	13.1	1.0	3.28
1931	10,630,000	247,000	108,000	139,000	23.2	10.2	13.0	−0.6	3.2
1932	10,794,000	243,000	108,000	135,000	22.5	10.0	12.5	2.7	3.08
1933	10,919,000	229,000	106,000	123,000	21.0	9.7	11.3	0.1	2.86
1934	11,029,000	228,296	105,277	123,019	20.7	9.5	11.2	-1.2	2.8
1935	11,135,000	228,396	109,724	118,672	20.5	9.9	10.6	-1.1	2.76
1936	11,242,000	227,980	111,111	116,869	20.3	9.9	10.4	-0.9	2.70
1937	11,339,000	227,878	118,019	109,859	20.1	10.4	9.7	-1.1	2.65
1938	11,448,000	237,091	110,647	126,444	20.7	9.7	11.0	-1.5	2.70
1939	11,565,000	237,991	112,729	125,262	20.6	9.7	10.9	-0.8	2.65
1940	11,682,000	252,577	114,717	137,860	21.6	9.8	11.8	-1.8	2.77
1941	11,810,000	263,993	118,797	145,196	22.4	10.1	12.3	-1.5	2.83
1942	11,962,000	281,569	117,110	164,459	23.5	9.8	13.7	-1.0	2.96
1943	12,125,000	292,943	122,640	170,303	24.2	10.1	14.1	-0.7	3.04
1944	12,291,000	283,967	120,393	163,574	24.0	9.8	14.2	-0.7	3.01
1945	12,441,000	300,570	117,319	183,251	24.3	9.5	14.8	-2.7	3.02
1946	12,316,000	331,471	115,358	216,113	26.9	9.4	17.5	-27.6	3.37
1947	12,576,000	359,943	118,157	241,786	28.6	9.4	19.2	1.5	3.60
1948	12,852,000	348,226	119,866	228,360	27.1	9.3	17.8	3.7	3.44
1949	13,475,000	367,092	124,567	242,525	27.2	9.2	18.0	28.2	3.46
1950	13,737,000	372,009	124,220	247,789	27.1	9.0	18.0	1.1	3.46
1951	14,050,000	381,092	125,823	255,269	27.1	9.0	18.2	4.1	3.50
1952	14,496,000	403,559	126,385	277,174	27.8	8.7	19.1	11.7	3.64
1953	14,886,000	417,884	127,791	290,093	28.1	8.6	19.5	6.7	3.72
1954	15,330,000	436,198	124,855	311,343	28.5	8.1	20.3	8.7	3.83
1955	15,736,000	442,937	128,476	314,461	28.1	8.2	20.0	5.8	3.83
1956	16,123,000	450,739	131,961	318,778	28.0	8.2	19.8	4.2	3.86
1957	16,677,000	469,093	136,579	332,514	28.1	8.2	19.9	13.3	3.93
1958	17,120,000	470,118	135,201	334,917	27.5	7.9	19.6	6.3	3.88
1959	17,522,000	479,275	139,913	339,362	27.4	8.0	19.4	3.5	3.94
1960	17,909,000	478,551	139,693	338,858	26.7	7.8	18.9	2.7	3.895
1961	18,271,000	475,700	140,985	334,715	26.0	7.7	18.3	1.5	3.840
1962	18,614,000	469,693	143,699	325,994	25.2	7.7	17.5	0.9	3.767
1963	18,964,000	465,767	147,367	318,400	24.6	7.8	16.8	1.7	3.694
1964	19,325,000	452,915	145,850	307,065	23.4	7.5	15.9	2.8	3.449
1965	19,678,000	418,595	148,939	269,656	21.3	7.6	13.7	4.2	3.192
1966	20,048,000	387,710	149,863	237,847	19.3	7.5	11.9	6.6	2.749
1967	20,412,000	370,894	150,283	220,611	18.2	7.4	10.8	7.0	2.528
1968	20,729,000	364,310	153,196	211,114	17.6	7.4	10.2	5.1	2.386
1969	21,028,000	369,647	154,477	215,170	17.6	7.3	10.2	4.0	2.334
1970	21,324,000	371,988	155,961	216,027	17.4	7.3	10.1	3.8	2.258
1971	21,962,032	362,187	157,272	204,915	16.5	7.2	9.3	19.8	2.141
1972	22,218,463	347,319	162,413	184,906	15.6	7.3	8.3	3.2	1.98
1973	22,491,777	343,373	164,039	179,334	15.3	7.3	8.0	4.2	1.89
1974	22,807,969	350,650	166,794	183,856	15.4	7.3	8.1	5.8	1.837
1975	23,143,275	359,323	167,176	192,147	15.5	7.2	8.3	6.2	1.824
1976	23,449,808	359,987	167,009	192,978	15.4	7.1	8.2	4.9	1.796
1977	23,725,843	361,400	167,498	193,902	15.2	7.1	8.2	3.4	1.782
1978	23,963,203	358,852	168,179	190,673	15.0	7.0	8.0	1.9	1.768
1979	24,201,544	366,064	168,183	197,881	15.1	6.9	8.2	1.6	1.754
1980	24,515,667	370,709	171,473	199,236	15.1	7.0	8.1	4.7	1.74
1981	24,819,915	371,346	171,029	200,317	15.0	6.9	8.1	4.2	1.7
1982	25,116,942	373,082	174,413	198,669	14.9	6.9	7.9	3.9	1.69
1983	25,366,451	373,689	174,484	199,205	14.7	6.9	7.9	1.9	1.68
1984	25,607,053	377,031	175,727	201,304	14.7	6.9	7.9	1.5	1.65
1985	25,842,116	375,727	181,323	194,404	14.5	7.0	7.5	1.6	1.67
1986	26,100,278	372,913	184,224	188,689	14.3	7.1	7.2	2.7	1.675
1987	26,446,601	369,742	184,953	184,789	14.0	7.0	7.0	6.1	1.68
1988	26,791,747	376,795	190,011	186,784	14.1	7.1	7.0	5.9	1.68
1989	27,276,781	392,661	190,965	201,696	14.4	7.0	7.4	10.4	1.77
1990	27,691,138	405,486	191,973	213,513	14.6	6.9	7.7	7.3	1.83
1991	28,037,420	403,816	195,569	208,247	14.4	7.0	7.4	5.0	1.72
1992	28,371,264	399,109	196,535	202,574	14.1	6.9	7.1	4.7	1.71
1993	28,684,764	389,037	204,912	184,125	13.5	7.1	6.4	4.5	1.68
1994	29,000,663	386,243	207,077	179,166	13.3	7.1	6.1	4.8	1.69
1995	29,302,311	378,685	210,733	167,952	12.9	7.2	5.7	4.6	1.67
1996	29,610,218	366,833	212,880	153,953	12.4	7.2	5.2	5.2	1.63
1997	29,905,948	349,543	215,669	133,874	11.7	7.2	4.4	5.5	1.57
1998	30,155,173	342,966	218,091	124,875	11.4	7.2	4.1	4.2	1.56
1999	30,401,286	337,821	219,530	118,291	11.1	7.2	3.9	4.2	1.54
2000	30,685,730	328,596	218,062	110,534	10.7	7.1	3.6	5.7	1.51
2001	31,020,902	334,615	219,538	115,077	10.8	7.1	3.7	7.1	1.54
2002	31,360,079	329,894	223,603	106,291	10.5	7.1	3.4	7.4	1.51
2003	31,644,028	336,352	226,169	110,183	10.6	7.1	3.4	5.6	1.54
2004	31,940,655	339,012	226,584	112,428	10.6	7.1	3.5	5.8	1.55
2005	32,243,753	345,365	230,132	115,233	10.6	7.1	3.5	5.9	1.57
2006	32,571,174	357,921	228,079	129,842	10.9	7.0	3.9	6.2	1.61
2007	32,888,886	370,369	235,217	135,152	11.2	7.2	4.0	5.7	1.66
2008	33,247,298	381,860	238,617	143,243	11.4	7.2	4.2	6.6	1.69
2009	33,630,069	384,651	238,418	146,233	11.3	7.1	4.2	7.2	1.68
2010	34,005,905	379,191	240,075	139,116	11.1	7.1	4.0	7.1	1.64
2011	34,339,221	379,244	243,511	135,733	11.0	7.1	3.9	5.9	1.62
2012	34,713,395	383,101	246,596	136,505	11.0	7.1	3.9	7.0	1.62
2013	35,080,992	381,054	252,338	128,716	10.8	7.2	3.6	7.0	1.60
2014	35,434,066	384,577	258,821	125,756	10.8	7.3	3.5	6.5	1.61
2015	35,704,498	382,979	264,333	118,646	10.7	7.4	3.3	4.1	1.60
2016	36,110,803	384,023	267,213	116,810	10.6	7.4	3.2	8.1	1.59
2017	36,545,075	377,627	278,298	99,329	10.3	7.6	2.7	9.2	1.54
2018	37,072,620	374,617	285,675	88,942	10.1	7.7	2.4	12.0	1.50
2019	37,618,495	372,978	285,270	87,708	9.9	7.6	2.3	12.4	1.47
2020	38,028,638	360,552	307,205	53,347	9.4	8.1	1.3	9.4	1.41
2021	38,239,864	369,721	311,942	57,779	9.5	8.0	1.5	4.2	1.44
2022	38,939,056	351,679	326,483	25,196	9.0	8.4	0.6	17.6	1.33
2023	40,097,761	351,878	337,708	14,170	8.8	8.4	0.4	29.0	1.26
2024	41,288,599	365,567	345,829	18,757	8.9	8.4	0.5	28.4	1.26(e)

Current vital statistics

<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sticky header

Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January–December 2023	352,196	339,700	+14,300
January–December 2024	365,567	345,829	+18,757
Difference	Template:Increase +11,020 (+3.8%)	Template:Increasenegative +6,563 (+1.8%)	Template:Increase +4,457

Note: all numbers in this table are provisional. While data for at least two years ago may be final, newer data for recent days are subject to change in the future. For example, as of September 25, 2024, The numbers are final up to December 2021, updated from January 2022 to March 2024 and preliminary from April 2024.

Employment

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24

total: 20.2%

male: 20.9%

female: 19.4% (2020 est.)

Ethnicity and visible minorities

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Canadians as ethnic group by province

All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by Canada's nationality laws. "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestral origin or descent. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire.<ref name="SimonPiché2013c">Template:Cite book</ref> The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones) and no longer self-identify directly with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude of reasons such as generational distance from ancestral lineage, intermarriage with variety of ethnic groups, and loss of ancestral language.<ref name="auto1">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="auto">Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Sticky header

Province / Territory	Percent Canadians	Total Canadians
Alberta	22.7%	902,310
British Columbia	19.0%	866,530
Manitoba	18.2%	232,660
New Brunswick	57.8%	415,810
Newfoundland and Labrador	43.4%	271,345
Nova Scotia	42.6%	387,360
Ontario	23.5%	3,109,770
Prince Edward Island	45.0%	60,000
Quebec	60.1%	4,474,115
Saskatchewan	25.0%	274,580
Canada total	32.3%	11,136,134

Ethnic origin

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:Canada demographics over time.gif

Canada visible minority, aboriginal and White (assumed for 1981 to 2016) population as a percentage of the total population over time

File:Visible minorities over time in Canada including projections.svg

Visible minorities over time including projections

File:Visible minorities population pyramid 2016.svg

Visible minorities as a population pyramid in total in 2016

According to the 2021 Canadian census, over 450 "ethnic or cultural origins" were self-reported by Canadians.<ref name="2021newsrelease"/> The major panethnic groups chosen were; European (Template:Percentage), North American (Template:Percentage), Asian (Template:Percentage), North American Indigenous (Template:Percentage), African (Template:Percentage), Latin, Central and South American (Template:Percentage), Caribbean (Template:Percentage), Oceanian (Template:Percentage), and Other (Template:Percentage).<ref name="2021newsrelease">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ethnicpopulation2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%.<ref name="2021newsrelease"/>Template:Efn

The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were CanadianTemplate:Efn (accounting for 15.6 percent of the population), followed by English (14.7 percent), Irish (12.1 percent), Scottish (12.1 percent), French (11.0 percent), German (8.1 percent), Indian (5.1 percent),Template:Efn Chinese (4.7 percent), Italian (4.3 percent), and Ukrainian (3.5 percent).<ref name="ethnicpopulationordered2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 24.5 million reported being "White", representing 67.4 percent of the population.<ref name="Statistics Canada 2022"/><ref name="2021censusA"/> The Indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021.<ref name="Statistics Canada 2022a">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> One out of every four Canadians or 26.5 percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority,<ref name="2021censusA"/>Template:Efn the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1 percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7 percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3 percent).<ref name="Statistics Canada 2022">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethno-cultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify.

Data from this section from Statistics Canada, 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ethnic origin<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	%	Population
CanadianTemplate:Efn	15.6%	5,677,205
English	14.7%	5,322,830
Irish	12.1%	4,413,120
Scottish	12.1%	4,392,200
French	11.0%	3,985,945
German	8.1%	2,955,695
IndianTemplate:Efn	5.1%	1,855,415
Chinese	4.7%	1,713,870
Italian	4.3%	1,546,390
Ukrainian	3.5%	1,258,635
Dutch	2.7%	988,585
Polish	2.7%	982,820
Québécois	2.7%	981,635
British Isles, n.o.s.	2.6%	981,635
Filipino	2.5%	925,490
French Canadian	2.5%	906,315
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.	1.9%	691,260
First Nations, n.o.s.	1.7%	632,340
Métis	1.5%	560,335
European, n.o.s.	1.5%	551,910

The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows in 2006<ref name="www12.statcan.ca">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):

• Quebec (7,723,525): Canadian (59.1%), French (29.1%)
• New Brunswick (735,835): Canadian (50.3%), French (27.2%), English (25.9%), Irish (21.6%), Scottish (19.9%)
• Newfoundland and Labrador (507,265): Canadian (49.0%), English (43.4%), Irish (21.8%)
• Nova Scotia (906,170): Canadian (39.1%), Scottish (31.2%), English (30.8%), Irish (22.3%), French (17.0%), German (10.8%)
• Prince Edward Island (137,375): Scottish (39.3%), Canadian (36.8%), English (31.1%), Irish (30.4%), French (21.1%)
• Ontario (12,651,795): Canadian (23.3%), English (23.1%), Scottish (16.4%), Irish (16.4%), French (10.8%)
• Alberta (3,567,980): English (24.9%), Canadian (21.8%), German (19.2%), Scottish (18.8%), Irish (15.8%), French (11.1%)
• Manitoba (1,174,345): English (21.8%), German (18.6%), Canadian (18.5%), Scottish (18.0%), Ukrainian (14.9%), Irish (13.2%), French (12.6%), North American Indian (10.6%)
• Saskatchewan (1,008,760): German (28.6%), English (24.9%), Scottish (18.9%), Canadian (18.8%), Irish (15.5%), Ukrainian (13.5%), French (12.2%), North American Indian (12.1%)
• British Columbia (4,324,455): English (27.7%), Scottish (19.3%), Canadian (19.1%), German (13.1%), Chinese (10.7%)
• Yukon (33,320): English (28.5%), Scottish (25.0%), Irish (22.0%), North American Indian (21.8%), Canadian (21.8%), German (15.6%), French (13.1%)
• Northwest Territories (40,800): North American Indian (37.0%), Scottish (13.9%), English (13.7%), Canadian (12.8%), Irish (11.9%), Inuit (11.7%)
• Nunavut (31,700): Inuit (85.4%)

Italics indicates either that this response is dominant within this province, or that this province has the highest ratio (percentage) of this response among provinces.

Visible minority population

File:Largest Panethnic Groups in Canada, 2021 Census.jpg

Largest panethnic groups in Canada by percentage of total population by census division, 2021 census

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:Sticky header

Visible and non-visible minority populations by group, 1981–1996

Group	1981 census <ref name="1981CensusProfile">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="MinorityPopulation">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="1981&1986CensusProfile"/>Template:Rp	1986 census <ref name="MinorityPopulation"/><ref name="1981&1986CensusProfile">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp<ref name="AboriginalPop">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp	1991 census <ref name="MinorityPopulation"/><ref name="1991censusVisibles">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp<ref name="AboriginalPop"/>Template:Rp	1996 census<ref name="1996censusAboriginal"/><ref name=1996censusVisibles>Statistics Canada, Total Population by Visible Minority Population, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)</ref>
	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%
Visible minority	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
South Asian	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Chinese (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Black	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Filipino	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Latin American	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Arab/West Asian	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Southeast Asian (except Filipino)	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Korean (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Japanese (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Multiple visible minorities	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Visible minority, Template:Abbr	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Other	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts		Template:Nts
Not a visible minority	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Indigenous (see breakdown below)	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Non-Indigenous & Non-Visible Minority (European/White)Template:Refn	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Total population in private households	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage

Note: Indigenous population decline between 1991 and 1996 censuses attributed to change in criteria in census count; "the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples used a more restrictive definition of Aboriginal".<ref name="AboriginalCensus">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Visible and non-visible minority populations by group, 2001–2021

Group	2001 census<ref name="2001censusprofile"/>		2006 census<ref name="2006 Canada Census Profile"/>		2011 survey<ref name="2011NHSprofile"/>		2016 census<ref name="Census Profile, 2016 Census 2017">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2021 census<ref name="2021 Census Profile">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="2021censusA"/><ref name="2021newsrelease"/>
	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%
Visible minority	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
South Asian	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Chinese (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Black	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Filipino	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Arab	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Latin American	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Southeast Asian (except Filipino)	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
West Asian	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Korean (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Japanese (East Asian)	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Multiple visible minorities	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Visible minority, Template:Abbr	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Not a visible minority	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Indigenous (see breakdown below)	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Non-Indigenous & Non-Visible Minority (European/White)Template:Refn	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage
Total population in private households	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage	Template:Nts	Template:Percentage

Indigenous population

Indigenous population in Canada, 1996–2021 censuses

Group	1996<ref name=1996censusAboriginal>Statistics Canada, Population by Aboriginal Groups and Sex, Showing Age Groups, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)</ref>		2001<ref name="2001censusprofile">Statistics Canada Template:Webarchive, Community Highlights for Canada</ref>		2006<ref name="2006 Canada Census Profile">Statistics Canada Template:Webarchive, 2006 Community Profiles: Canada (Country)</ref>		2011<ref name="2011NHSprofile">Statistics Canada, NHS Profile, Canada, 2011</ref>		2016<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2021<ref name="indigenous2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>
	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total
Total Indigenous	2.8%	799,005	3.3%	976,305	3.8%	1,172,785	4.3%	1,400,685	4.9%	1,673,780	Template:Percentage	1,807,250
First Nations	1.8%	529,040	2.1%	608,850	2.2%	698,025	2.6%	851,560	2.8%	977,230	Template:Percentage	1,048,405
Métis	0.7%	204,115	1.0%	292,305	1.2%	389,780	1.4%	451,795	1.7%	587,545	Template:Percentage	624,220
Inuit	0.14%	40,220			0.16%	50,485	0.2%	59,445	0.2%	65,025	Template:Percentage	70,540

Note: Other Indigenous and mixed Indigenous groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Indigenous

Future projections

Statistics Canada projects that visible minorities will make up between 38.2% and 43.0% of the total Canadian population by 2041,<ref name="FutureProjectionsA"/><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/> compared with 26.5% in 2021.<ref name="2021censusreportA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="2021censusA"/> Among the working-age population (15 to 64 years), meanwhile, visible minorities are projected to represent between 42.1% and 47.3% of Canada's total population,<ref name="FutureProjectionsA"/><ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/> compared to 28.5% in 2021.<ref name="2021censusreportA"/><ref name="2021censusA"/>

Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2031−2041)

	2031<ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/><ref name="IndigenousProjections">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2036<ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/><ref name="IndigenousProjections"/>		2041<ref name="FutureProjectionsB"/><ref name="IndigenousProjections"/>
	Population	%	Population	%	Population	%
EuropeanTemplate:Refn	26,085,000	Template:Percentage	25,749,000	Template:Percentage	25,296,000	Template:Percentage
South Asian	4,283,000	Template:Percentage	5,010,000	Template:Percentage	5,658,000	Template:Percentage
East Asian	3,120,000	Template:Percentage	3,445,000	Template:Percentage	3,740,000	Template:Percentage
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
African	2,381,000	Template:Percentage	2,762,000	Template:Percentage	3,134,000	Template:Percentage
Indigenous	2,484,000	Template:Percentage	2,673,000	Template:Percentage	2,848,000	Template:Percentage
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
Southeast Asian	2,009,000	Template:Percentage	2,324,000	Template:Percentage	2,640,000	Template:Percentage
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
Middle Eastern	1,801,000	Template:Percentage	2,141,000	Template:Percentage	2,475,000	Template:Percentage
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller	Template:Smaller
Latin American	821,000	Template:Percentage	931,000	Template:Percentage	1,036,000	Template:Percentage
Other	644,000	Template:Percentage	742,000	Template:Percentage	841,000	Template:Percentage
File:Flag of Canada.svg Projected Canadian Population	43,629,000	Template:Percentage	45,776,000	Template:Percentage	47,668,000	Template:Percentage

Languages

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Knowledge of language

Template:Bar box The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses, and first appeared on the 1991 Canadian census.Template:Efn The following figures are from the 1991 Canadian census, 2001 Canadian census, 2011 Canadian census, and the 2021 Canadian census.

Knowledge of Languages in Canada

Language	2021<ref name="language2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2011<ref name="language2011">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2001<ref name="language2001">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="language2001B">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	1991<ref name="language1991">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>
	[[Population|Template:Abbr]]	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr
English	31,628,570	Template:Percentage	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Percentage	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Percentage	22,505,415	Template:Percentage
French	10,563,235	Template:Percentage	9,960,585<ref name="language2011B"/>	Template:Percentage	9,178,100<ref name="language2001C"/>	Template:Percentage	8,508,960	Template:Percentage
ChineseTemplate:Efn	1,528,860	Template:Percentage	1,297,505	Template:Percentage	1,028,445	Template:Percentage	557,305	Template:Percentage
HindustaniTemplate:Efn	1,176,295	Template:Percentage	576,165	Template:Percentage	366,740	Template:Percentage	163,930	Template:Percentage
Spanish	1,171,450	Template:Percentage	873,395	Template:Percentage	610,580	Template:Percentage	402,430	Template:Percentage
Punjabi	942,170	Template:Percentage	545,730	Template:Percentage	338,720	Template:Percentage	167,925	Template:Percentage
Arabic	838,045	Template:Percentage	470,965	Template:Percentage	290,280	Template:Percentage	164,380	Template:Percentage
Tagalog	737,565	Template:Percentage	491,075	Template:Percentage	244,690	Template:Percentage	136,975	Template:Percentage
Italian	547,655	Template:Percentage	595,600	Template:Percentage	680,970	Template:Percentage	701,910	Template:Percentage
German	419,195	Template:Percentage	525,480	Template:Percentage	635,520	Template:Percentage	684,955	Template:Percentage
Portuguese	336,865	Template:Percentage	266,950	Template:Percentage	264,990	Template:Percentage	254,465	Template:Percentage
PersianTemplate:Efn	330,725	Template:Percentage	196,110	Template:Percentage	111,700	Template:Percentage	49,380	Template:Percentage
Russian	309,235	Template:Percentage	230,755	Template:Percentage	157,455	Template:Percentage	84,050	Template:Percentage
Tamil	237,890	Template:Percentage	179,465	Template:Percentage	111,580	Template:Percentage	37,330	Template:Percentage
Vietnamese	232,800	Template:Percentage	192,070	Template:Percentage	165,645	Template:Percentage	113,115	Template:Percentage
Gujarati	209,410	Template:Percentage	118,950	Template:Percentage	80,835	Template:Percentage	54,210	Template:Percentage
Polish	204,460	Template:Percentage	217,735	Template:Percentage	249,695	Template:Percentage	239,575	Template:Percentage
Korean	203,885	Template:Percentage	149,035	Template:Percentage	91,610	Template:Percentage	40,230	Template:Percentage
Serbo-CroatianTemplate:Efn	155,775	Template:Percentage	154,700	Template:Percentage	153,085	Template:Percentage	100,541	Template:Percentage
Greek	145,060	Template:Percentage	150,620	Template:Percentage	158,800	Template:Percentage	161,320	Template:Percentage
Haitian Creole	134,895	Template:Percentage	128,555	Template:Percentage	76,140	Template:Percentage	49,970	Template:Percentage
Ukrainian	131,655	Template:Percentage	144,260	Template:Percentage	200,520	Template:Percentage	249,535	Template:Percentage
Bengali	120,605	Template:Percentage	69,490	Template:Percentage	34,650	Template:Percentage	N/A	<0.1%
Romanian	116,520	Template:Percentage	97,180	Template:Percentage	60,520	Template:Percentage	30,520	Template:Percentage
Dutch	107,985	Template:Percentage	135,085	Template:Percentage	157,875	Template:Percentage	173,290	Template:Percentage
CreeTemplate:Efn	105,850	Template:Percentage	96,690	Template:Percentage	97,200	Template:Percentage	93,825	Template:Percentage
Japanese	98,070	Template:Percentage	74,690	Template:Percentage	65,030	Template:Percentage	45,370	Template:Percentage
Hebrew	83,205	Template:Percentage	70,695	Template:Percentage	63,675	Template:Percentage	52,450	Template:Percentage
Turkish	78,500	Template:Percentage	44,080	Template:Percentage	32,520	Template:Percentage	N/A	<0.1%
Malayalam	77,910	Template:Percentage	22,125	Template:Percentage	9,185	Template:Percentage	N/A	<0.1%
Hungarian	64,625	Template:Percentage	73,695	Template:Percentage	89,230	Template:Percentage	97,410	Template:Percentage
Ilocano	61,680	Template:Percentage	21,880	Template:Percentage	N/A	<0.03%	N/A	<0.1%
Somali	59,005	Template:Percentage	37,115	Template:Percentage	N/A	<0.03%	N/A	<0.1%
Swahili	57,295	Template:Percentage	31,690	Template:Percentage	25,300	Template:Percentage	N/A	<0.1%
Telugu	54,685	Template:Percentage	12,645	Template:Percentage	N/A	<0.03%	N/A	<0.1%

Mother tongue

Languages of Canada

First language	2016		2011		2006
	[[Population|Template:Abbr]]	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Notes
Single language responses	33,947,610	Template:Percentage	32,481,635	Template:Percentage	30,848,270	Template:Percentage
Official languages	26,627,545	Template:Percentage	25,913,955	Template:Percentage	24,700,425	Template:Percentage
English	19,460,855	Template:Percentage	18,858,980	Template:Percentage	17,882,775	Template:Percentage
French	7,166,700	Template:Percentage	7,054,975	Template:Percentage	6,817,650	Template:Percentage
Non-official languages	7,321,070	Template:Percentage	6,567,680	Template:Percentage	6,147,840	Template:Percentage
Combined Chinese Responses	1,227,680	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Combined responses of Mandarin, Cantonese, Chinese n.o.s. and Min Nan
Mandarin (Standard Chinese)	592,035	Template:Percentage	248,705	Template:Percentage	170,950	Template:Percentage
Cantonese	565,275	Template:Percentage	372,460	Template:Percentage	361,450	Template:Percentage
Punjabi	501,680	Template:Percentage	430,705	Template:Percentage	367,505	Template:Percentage
Spanish	458,850	Template:Percentage	410,670	Template:Percentage	345,345	Template:Percentage
Tagalog (Filipino)	431,385	Template:Percentage	327,445	Template:Percentage	235,615	Template:Percentage
Arabic	419,895	Template:Percentage	327,870	Template:Percentage	261,640	Template:Percentage
German	384,040	Template:Percentage	409,200	Template:Percentage	450,570	Template:Percentage
Italian	375,645	Template:Percentage	407,485	Template:Percentage	455,040	Template:Percentage
Hindustani	321,465	Template:Percentage	263,345	Template:Percentage	224,045	Template:Percentage	Combined responses of Hindi and Urdu
Portuguese	221,535	Template:Percentage	211,335	Template:Percentage	219,275	Template:Percentage
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	Template:Percentage	170,045	Template:Percentage	134,080	Template:Percentage
Urdu	210,820	Template:Percentage	172,800	Template:Percentage	145,805	Template:Percentage
Dravidian languages	189,405	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Combined responses of Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada.
Russian	188,255	Template:Percentage	164,330	Template:Percentage	133,580	Template:Percentage
Polish	181,705	Template:Percentage	191,645	Template:Percentage	211,175	Template:Percentage
Vietnamese	156,430	Template:Percentage	144,880	Template:Percentage	141,625	Template:Percentage
Korean	153,425	Template:Percentage	137,925	Template:Percentage	125,570	Template:Percentage
Tamil	140,720	Template:Percentage	131,265	Template:Percentage	115,880	Template:Percentage	Most of the Canadian Tamils live in Toronto.
Hindi	110,645	Template:Percentage	90,545	Template:Percentage	78,240	Template:Percentage
Gujarati	108,775	Template:Percentage	91,450	Template:Percentage	81,465	Template:Percentage
Greek	106,520	Template:Percentage	108,925	Template:Percentage	117,285	Template:Percentage
Ukrainian	102,485	Template:Percentage	111,540	Template:Percentage	134,500	Template:Percentage
Dutch	99,015	Template:Percentage	110,490	Template:Percentage	128,900	Template:Percentage
Romanian	96,660	Template:Percentage	90,300	Template:Percentage	78,495	Template:Percentage
Bengali	73,125	Template:Percentage	59,370	Template:Percentage	45,685	Template:Percentage
Creoles	72,130	Template:Percentage	61,725	Template:Percentage	53,515	Template:Percentage
Cree, n.o.s.Template:Refn	64,045	Template:Percentage	77,900	Template:Percentage	78,855	Template:Percentage	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to simply as 'Cree'.
Hungarian	61,235	Template:Percentage	67,920	Template:Percentage	73,335	Template:Percentage	The majority of Hungarian speakers in Canada live in Ontario. A community of Hungarian speakers is found within a part of Windsor, Ontario.
Berber languages (Kabyle)	n/a	n/a	57,855	Template:Percentage	25,578	Template:Percentage
Serbian	57,345	Template:Percentage	56,420	Template:Percentage	51,665	Template:Percentage
Croatian	48,200	Template:Percentage	49,730	Template:Percentage	55,330	Template:Percentage
Japanese	43,640	Template:Percentage	39,985	Template:Percentage	40,200	Template:Percentage
Chinese, n.o.s.Template:Refn	38,575	Template:Percentage	425,210	Template:Percentage	456,705	Template:Percentage
Somali	36,760	Template:Percentage	31,380	Template:Percentage	27,320	Template:Percentage
Inuktitut	35,215	Template:Percentage	33,500	Template:Percentage	32,015	Template:Percentage	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.Template:Refn
Armenian	33,455	Template:Percentage	29,795	Template:Percentage	30,130	Template:Percentage
Turkish	32,815	Template:Percentage	29,640	Template:Percentage	24,745	Template:Percentage
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Malayalam	28,570	Template:Percentage	16,080	Template:Percentage	11,925	Template:Percentage
Albanian	26,895	Template:Percentage	23,820	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Ilocano	26,345	Template:Percentage	17,915	Template:Percentage	13,450	Template:Percentage
Amharic	22,465	Template:Percentage	18,020	Template:Percentage	14,555	Template:Percentage
Czech	22,295	Template:Percentage	23,585	Template:Percentage	24,450	Template:Percentage
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	Template:Percentage	19,440	Template:Percentage	19,105	Template:Percentage
Bulgarian	20,020	Template:Percentage	19,050	Template:Percentage	16,790	Template:Percentage
Hebrew	19,530	Template:Percentage	18,450	Template:Percentage	17,635	Template:Percentage
Niger–Congo languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	19,140	Template:Percentage	14,075	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Nepali	18,275	Template:Percentage	8,480	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Ojibway	17,885	Template:Percentage	17,625	Template:Percentage	24,190	Template:Percentage
Slovak	17,585	Template:Percentage	17,580	Template:Percentage	18,820	Template:Percentage
Pashto	16,910	Template:Percentage	12,465	Template:Percentage	9,025	Template:Percentage
Macedonian	16,770	Template:Percentage	17,245	Template:Percentage	18,435	Template:Percentage
Tigrigna	16,650	Template:Percentage	10,220	Template:Percentage	7,105	Template:Percentage
Sinhala	16,335	Template:Percentage	14,185	Template:Percentage	10,180	Template:Percentage
Bisayan languages	n/a	n/a	16,240	Template:Percentage	11,240	Template:Percentage
Telugu	15,655	Template:Percentage	9,315	Template:Percentage	6,625	Template:Percentage
Finnish	15,295	Template:Percentage	17,415	Template:Percentage	21,030	Template:Percentage
Yiddish	13,555	Template:Percentage	15,205	Template:Percentage	16,295	Template:Percentage
Akan (Twi)	13,460	Template:Percentage	12,680	Template:Percentage	12,780	Template:Percentage
Swahili	13,375	Template:Percentage	10,090	Template:Percentage	7,935	Template:Percentage
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,920	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Oji-Cree	12,855	Template:Percentage	9,835	Template:Percentage	11,690	Template:Percentage
Lao	12,670	Template:Percentage	12,970	Template:Percentage	13,940	Template:Percentage
Danish	12,630	Template:Percentage	14,145	Template:Percentage	18,735	Template:Percentage
Malay	12,275	Template:Percentage	10,910	Template:Percentage	9,490	Template:Percentage
Bosnian	12,210	Template:Percentage	11,685	Template:Percentage	12,790	Template:Percentage
Sindhi	11,860	Template:Percentage	11,330	Template:Percentage	10,355	Template:Percentage
Kurdish	11,705	Template:Percentage	9,805	Template:Percentage	7,660	Template:Percentage
Hakka	10,910	Template:Percentage	5,115	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Dene	10,700	Template:Percentage	11,215	Template:Percentage	9,745	Template:Percentage
Afrikaans	10,260	Template:Percentage	8,770	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	Template:Percentage	10,785	Template:Percentage	10,975	Template:Percentage	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-Naskapi'.
Slovenian	9,785	Template:Percentage	10,775	Template:Percentage	13,135	Template:Percentage
Taiwanese	n/a	n/a	9,635	Template:Percentage	9,620	Template:Percentage
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	Template:Percentage	10,155	Template:Percentage	12,510	Template:Percentage
African languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	n/a	n/a	9,125	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Thai	9,255	Template:Percentage	7,935	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Marathi	8,295	Template:Percentage	5,830	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Bantu languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	n/a	n/a	7,150	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Lithuanian	7,075	Template:Percentage	7,245	Template:Percentage	8,335	Template:Percentage
Swedish	6,840	Template:Percentage	7,350	Template:Percentage	8,220	Template:Percentage
Mi'kmaq	6,690	Template:Percentage	7,635	Template:Percentage	7,365	Template:Percentage
Tibetan	6,165	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Atikamekw	6,150	Template:Percentage	5,820	Template:Percentage	5,250	Template:Percentage
Canadian Gaelic	n/a	n/a	6,015	Template:Percentage	6,015	Template:Percentage
Fukien (Fuzhou dialect)	n/a	n/a	5,925	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	Template:Percentage	3,975	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Maltese	5,565	Template:Percentage	6,220	Template:Percentage	6,405	Template:Percentage
Estonian	5,445	Template:Percentage	6,385	Template:Percentage	8,240	Template:Percentage
Latvian	5,455	Template:Percentage	6,200	Template:Percentage	7,000	Template:Percentage
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	Template:Percentage	3,895	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	5,180	Template:Percentage	5,255	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Oromo	4,960	Template:Percentage	11,140	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Norwegian	4,615	Template:Percentage	5,800	Template:Percentage	7,225	Template:Percentage
Tibetan languages	n/a	n/a	4,640	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	n/a	n/a	4,360	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Sign languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	4,125	Template:Percentage	3,815	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	Template:Percentage	4,690	Template:Percentage	5,660	Template:Percentage
Lingala	3,810	Template:Percentage	3,085	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Burmese	3,585	Template:Percentage	2,985	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Stoney	3,025	Template:Percentage	3,050	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Shanghainese	n/a	n/a	2,920	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Blackfoot	2,815	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	3,085	Template:Percentage
Slavic languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	2,420	Template:Percentage	3,630	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Semitic languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	2,155	Template:Percentage	16,970	Template:Percentage	n/a	n/a
Frisian	2,095	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	2,890	Template:Percentage
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	2,020	Template:Percentage
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	1,405	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)	1,265	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	5,585	Template:Percentage
Algonquin	1,260	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,920	Template:Percentage
Scottish Gaelic	1,095	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Welsh	1,075	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Carrier	1,030	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,560	<0.01%
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,020	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	365	<0.01%
Mohawk	985	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	290	<0.01%
South Slavey	950	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,605	Template:Percentage
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,180	<0.01%
North Slave (Hare)	765	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,065	<0.01%
Chilcotin	655	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	1,070	<0.01%
Celtic languages, n.i.e.Template:Refn	530	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Chipewyan	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	525	<0.01%
Michif	465	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	935	<0.01%
Nisga'a	400	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	680	<0.01%
Malecite	300	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	535	<0.01%
Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux)	260	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	360	<0.01%
Tlingit	95	<0.01%	n/a	n/a	80	<0.01%
Other languages	n/a	n/a	77,890	Template:Percentage	172,650	Template:Percentage
Multiple language responses	818,640	Template:Percentage	639,540	Template:Percentage	392,760	Template:Percentage
English and French	165,335	Template:Percentage	144,685	Template:Percentage	98,630	Template:Percentage
English and a non-official language	533,260	Template:Percentage	396,330	Template:Percentage	240,005	Template:Percentage
French and a non-official language	86,145	Template:Percentage	74,430	Template:Percentage	43,335	Template:Percentage
English, French, and a non-official language	33,900	Template:Percentage	24,095	Template:Percentage	10,790	Template:Percentage
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages, 2006 Census of Canada Template:Webarchive</ref>||34,767,250||Template:Percentage||33,121,175||Template:Percentage||31,241,030||Template:Percentage||

Work

Language used most often at work

Language	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	% of total population (2006)<ref name=languagesatwork2006>Statistics Canada – Language used at work1 by frequency of language used at work and mother tongue, 2006 counts</ref>
English	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage
French	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage
Non-official	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage
English and French	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage
English and non-official	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage
OtherTemplate:Efn	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage

Home

Language used most often at home

Language	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	% of total population (2006)<ref>The percentage figures cited are the top languages spoken as a home language in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship. Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6–10. Data available online at: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
English	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage
French	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage
Non-official	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage
English and non-official	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage
English and French	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage
OtherTemplate:Efn	Template:Percentage	Template:Percentage

Immigration

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} According to the 2021 Canadian census, immigrants in Canada number 8.3 million persons and make up approximately 23 percent of Canada's total population.<ref name="2021censusreportA"/> This represents the eighth-largest immigrant population in the world, while the proportion represents one of the highest ratios for industrialized Western countries.<ref>Pison, Gilles. 2019 February. "The number and proportion of immigrants in the population: International comparisons." Population & Societies 563. France: Institut National D'études Démographiques.</ref>

Immigrants from specific countries are divided into several ethnic groups. For example, there are both Punjabis and Muhajirs from Pakistan, both Turks and Kurds from Turkey and both Sinhalese and Tamil from Sri Lanka. Immigrants from Iran are divided into Mazandaranians, Azeris, Persians, Kurds, Gilaks and Lurs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Since confederation in 1867 through to the contemporary era, decadal and demi-decadal census reports have detailed immigration statistics. During this period, the highest annual immigration rate in Canada occurred in 1913, when 400,900 new immigrants accounted for 5.3 percent of the total population,<ref name="HistoricImmigration2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Population1867to2007">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while the greatest number of foreign-born individuals admitted to Canada in single year occurred in 2021, with 405,330 new immigrants accounting for 1.1 percent of the total population.

Statistics Canada projects that immigrants will represent between 29.1% and 34.0% of Canada's population in 2041, compared with 23.0% in 2021,<ref name="2021censusreportB">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while the Canadian population with at least one foreign born parent (first and second generation persons) could rise to between 49.8% and 54.3%, up from 44.0% in 2021.<ref name="2021censusA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="FutureProjectionsA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="FutureProjectionsB">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

citation

CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="1881to1921immigration">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp<ref name="1921to1971immigration">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp<ref name="1871to2041immigration">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Year	Immigrant percentage	Immigrant population	Total responses	Total population
1871	Template:Percentage	594,207	Template:N/a	3,689,257
1881	Template:Percentage	602,984	Template:N/a	4,324,810
1891	Template:Percentage	643,871	Template:N/a	4,833,239
1901	Template:Percentage	699,500	Template:N/a	5,371,315
1911	Template:Percentage	1,586,961	Template:N/a	7,206,643
1921	Template:Percentage	1,955,736	Template:N/a	8,787,949
1931	Template:Percentage	2,307,525	Template:N/a	10,374,196
1941	Template:Percentage	2,018,847	Template:N/a	11,506,655
1951	Template:Percentage	2,059,911	Template:N/a	14,009,429
1961	Template:Percentage	2,844,263	Template:N/a	18,238,247
1971	Template:Percentage	3,295,535	21,568,310	21,568,311
1981	Template:Percentage	3,843,335	24,083,495	24,343,181
1986	Template:Percentage	3,908,150	25,022,005	25,309,331
1991	Template:Percentage	4,342,890	26,994,045	27,296,859
1996	Template:Percentage	4,971,070	28,528,125	28,846,761
2001	Template:Percentage	5,448,480	29,639,030	30,007,094
2006	Template:Percentage	6,186,950	31,241,030	31,612,897
2011	Template:Percentage	6,775,765	32,852,325	33,476,688
2016	Template:Percentage	7,540,830	34,460,060	35,151,728
2021	Template:Percentage	8,361,505	36,328,475	36,991,981

Migration data

Canada Net migration, 1952–1971

Year	Immigration	Emigration	Net Migration
1952	164,498	60,559	106,939
1953	168,868	57,975	110,893
1954	154,227	57,150	97,077
1955	109,946	61,893	48,053
1956	164,857	68,753	96,104
1957	282,164	74,383	207,781
1958	124,851	61,681	63,170
1959	106,928	69,189	37,739
1960	104,111	75,596	28,515
1961	71,689	72,305	−616
1962	74,586	76,740	−2,154
1963	93,151	83,563	9,588
1964	112,606	92,430	20,176
1965	146,758	105,307	41,451
1966	194,743	91,489	103,254
1967	222,876	108,462	114,414
1968	183,974	100,036	83,938
1969	161,531	90,089	71,495
1970	147,713	80,961	66,752
1971	121,162	70,097	51,065

Canada Net migration, 1972–2019

Year	Immigration	Emigration	Net migration	Net non-permanent migration	Total net migration
1972	122,006	26,175	95,831	2,975	98,806
1973	184,200	40,714	143,486	7,928	151,414
1974	218,465	42,020	176,445	1,977	178,422
1975	187,881	34,280	153,601	7,931	161,532
1976	146,429	28,292	118,137	−2,969	115,168
1977	117,914	29,106	88,808	−1,982	86,826
1978	86,313	31,692	54,621	−2,970	51,651
1979	112,036	24,492	87,544	7,930	95,474
1980	143,498	17,623	125,875	14,869	140,744
1981	128,794	24,604	104,190	30,281	134,471
1982	121,331	31,054	90,277	−3,727	86,550
1983	89,377	31,803	57,574	4,369	61,943
1984	88,599	29,064	59,535	−349	59,186
1985	84,339	26,864	57,474	10,981	68,455
1986	97,343	30,232	67,111	46,537	113,648
1987	152,031	28,865	123,166	40,899	164,065
1988	161,534	24,534	137,000	108,917	245,917
1989	191,516	26,706	164,810	67,356	232,166
1990	216,424	25,011	191,413	−10,951	180,462
1991	232,776	43,396	189,380	−54,661	134,719
1992	254,856	48,721	206,135	−31,933	174,202
1993	256,754	50,657	206,097	−63,292	142,805
1994	224,395	55,682	168,713	−16,500	152,213
1995	212,875	51,252	151,623	169	151,792
1996	226,061	49,841	176,220	−9,667	166,553
1997	216,034	62,803	153,231	791	154,022
1998	174,184	57,842	116,342	921	117,263
1999	189,971	54,387	135,584	22,431	158,015
2000	227,429	57,109	170,330	28,433	198,763
2001	250,638	59,391	191,247	47,286	238,533
2002	229,049	45,682	183,367	29,133	212,500
2003	221,349	49,876	171,473	22,943	194,416
2004	235,859	55,085	180,774	14,225	194,999
2005	262,246	52,436	209,810	3,159	212,969
2006	251,649	47,890	203,759	12,741	216,500
2007	236,763	51,455	185,308	43,958	229,266
2008	247,262	52,678	194,584	71,669	266,253
2009	252,218	41,131	211,087	55,977	267,064
2010	280,739	42,187	238,552	31,927	270,479
2011	248,735	50,932	197,803	42,802	240,605
2012	257,825	50,426	207,399	46,207	253,606
2013	259,046	26,608	232,438	52,984	285,422
2014	260,308	54,956	205,352	16,970	222,322
2015	271,867	56,566	215,301	−9,330	205,971
2016	296,385	56,772	239,613	88,722	328,335
2017	286,537	43,832	242,705	138,034	380,739
2018	321,054	37,915	283,139	154,917	438,056
2019	341,174	35,791	305,383	189,781	495,164

Canada Net migration 2020–present

Year	Immigration	Emigration	Net Migration	Non-permanent Resident Inflow	Non-permanent Resident Outflow	Net Non-permanent Resident	Total Net Migration
2020	184,594	19,235	165,359	–	–	−96,066	69,293
2021	406,046	39,161	366,885	–	–	77,052	443,937
2022	437,612	47,991	389,621	960,266	408,722	551,544	941,165
2023	471,871	48,709	423,162	1,289,173	468,407	820,766	1,243,928
2024	483,591	50,170	433,421	1,036,471	745,306	291,165	724,586

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Religion

Template:See also Template:Pie chart In 2021, 53.3% of Canadians were Christians,<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> down from 67.3% in 2011.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 29.9% were Catholic while 11.4% were Protestant (all other listed denominations excluding Christian Orthodox, Latter Day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses). 7.6% were Christian not otherwise specified, 2.1% were "other Christian and Christian-related traditions", 1.7% were Christian Orthodox, 0.4% were Jehovah's Witnesses and 0.2% were Latter Day Saints adherents.

34.6% of Canadians were non-religious or secular, up from 23.9% in 2011. Of the non-Christian religions listed, 4.9% of Canadians were Muslim (3.2% in 2011), 2.3% were Hindu (1.5% in 2011), 2.1% were Sikh (1.4% in 2011), 1.0% were Buddhist (1.1% in 2011), 0.9% were Jewish (1.0% in 2011), 0.2% were believers of traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality (same as 2011), and 0.6% were believers of other religions and spiritual traditions (0.4% in 2011).

File:Canadian religious affiliation in 2021.png

A map of Canada by province and territory showing the distribution of the population by religious affiliation in 2021

See also

• Demographics of North America
• 1666 census of New France
• 2016 Canadian census
• 2021 Canadian census
• List of Canadian census areas demographic extremes
• Interprovincial migration in Canada
• Canada immigration statistics
• Cahiers québécois de démographie academic journal
• Canadian Studies in Population academic journal

Notes

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Further reading

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• Roderic Beaujot and Don Kerr, (2007) The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population, Canadian Scholars' Press, Template:ISBN.

External links

• Canada Year Book (2010) – Statistics Canada
• Population estimates and projections, 2010 – 2036 – Statistics Canada
• Canada's population clock